過去完成式
過去完成式 : had + Vpp
過去完成進行式: had been + V-ing
1. 兩者動作皆已過去式陳述時，為強調先後，
先者用過去完成式，後者用過去式。
EX: 1) I was late. The teacher had already given a test when I got to class.
2)By the time Mary arrived, Fred had already finished his work.
2. 兩者動作皆以過去式陳述時，若先發生動作先提時，可不用過去完成式，而僅以過去式表達即可。
EX: 1) I bought a watch, but I lost it.
2) I lost the watch which I bought.
3. After 與 before 因為很清楚的表達了先後順序，故可以用過去完成式，或過去式，但仍以過去完成式為主。
EX: 1) After the guest had left, I went to bed.
= After the guest left, I went to bed.
4. *重要句形 (一..就)
A) As soon as 連接動作時，多用過去式,亦可用過去完成式.。
EX: As soon as she saw the sight, she burst into tears.
B) 下列句型中，先後次序很明顯(甚至是同時)，兩動詞都用過去式。
The moment + S + Vpt , S + V pt
The instant
The second
The minute
EX: The moment the thief saw the police, the thief took to his heels.
C) 下列句型若為否定副詞至句首須用倒裝句；並不再接否定句
No sooner had + S (1) + Vpp + than + S(2) + Vpt
= Hardly had + S (1)+ Vpp + when(before) + S(2) + Vpt
= Scarcely had+ S (1)+ Vpp +before (when) + S(2) + Vpt
I had no sooner arrived than it began to rain.
= No sooner had I arrived than it began to rain.
= I had hardly arrived than it began to rain.
= Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain.
= I had scarcely arrived when it began to rain.
= Scarcely had I arrived before it began to rain.
= The moment I arrived, it began to rain.
5. 過去完成進行式表動作之持續與延續
EX: The whole area was flooded because it had rained for weeks.
The whole area was flooded because it had been raining for weeks.
[ 本帖最後由 姿霖 於 2010-2-22 03:48 編輯 ]
