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小 發表於 2009-12-30 04:49 只看該作者
只要10分鐘 讓片語過關
《企業英語教室》只要10分鐘 讓片語過關
【Lily章&王麗莎】 2009/01/03 工商時報
Part 1:
是〝come in〞、〝come on in〞還是〝enter〞?
英國文法大師 Alexander L G寫過名作Advanced Grammar和New C oncept English，他鼓勵學習英語的人多用片語動詞 (phrasal ver b)。他舉了一個很有趣的例子：你聽到有人敲門，你會不說〝Enter 〞，而是用：Come in。常看影集的人可能會用：Come on in。說Co me in也好，Come on in也好，二者都是片語動詞，也是英美兩國人脫口而出的常用語。
美國人喜歡用〝come on in〞，英國人用〝come in〞。Alexande r是英國學者，所以他說：〝有人敲門時，我們常說〝Come in〞而不說〝enter〞。〝come on in〞是三字一體的片語，三字一體的片語動詞中，含〝on〞的相當多。
過去「企業英語教室」談過幾次片語動詞，但我們多半談兩個字組成的片語動詞，今天介紹給讀者的是含〝on〞的三字一體片語。每一個片語用一分鐘時間讀，讀過後，眼睛不看報紙，看看自己能不能把例句再說一遍，說出來，就過關了。以下10句，只要10分鐘，你的片語起碼就過了第一關。
1.cash in on：謀取利益
〝The shop be cash in on temporary shortage by raising pr ice商家趁一時缺貨而提高價格從中獲利.〞
2.zero in on：鎖定、對準目標
〝The police have ZEROED IN ON the man they believe to be responsible for the murder.〞
3.clamp down on：施加壓力；取締
〝The government has decided to clamp down on all forms o f illegal gambling.〞
4.read up on：熟讀
〝You need to read up on all the traffic codes before you learn driving.〞
5.brush up on：復習
〝Before the examination, remember to sort out the lectur e notes to brush up on all the important points.〞
6.check up on：檢查
〝The manager asked the secretary to check up on all thef iles before posting them.〞
7.come down on：要求；處罰
〝The bank came down on its debtors for immediate payment .〞
8.get in on：分享；參與
〝The company tried to get in on our market.〞
9.cut down on：減少；削減
〝Companies started to cut down on their expenses duringt he economic downturn.〞
10.fall back on：求助於
〝He has spent all his savings and now has nothing to fal l back on.〞
Part 2:【王麗莎專欄】
不要讀錯人名了：「姚明」，還是「要命」？
上個禮拜，我們介紹了如何從美國影集學美語，同時也提到幾部不錯的影集。不知道讀者有沒有發現，八零年代或九零年代的美國電視電影裡，老中一概說廣東話。不過近十餘年來，中國大陸經濟實力逐漸成長，內地人民與外國接觸也較以前頻繁；所以，普通話就漸漸取代粵語，成為中國人在美國電視電影裡使用的語言。現在，洋人演員有時候，也必須在戲裡秀上幾句普通話。
例如像「蝙蝠俠開戰時刻」 (Batman Begins)裡的克利斯汀貝爾( Christian Bale)，「當地球停止轉動」 (The Day The Earth Stoo d Still)裡的基努李維等人，都是有趣的例子。而且，這兩部電影的觀眾如果打開了耳朵，好好聽那部分的普通話對白，就會發現克利斯汀貝爾與基努李維唸得其實磕磕碰碰。好在這部分無關劇情緊要之處，因此並無大礙。
可是運動競賽就不一樣了。姚明加入火箭隊之後，NBA的競賽主播也必須學會了「姚明」 (Yao Ming)與「要命」 (同樣拼作Yao Ming )的玩笑話。但這並不是姚明去NBA後才發生的現象，從一九八零年代末期開始，就不斷有東歐球員加入NBA，比方像Drazen Petrovic以及 Toni Kuko，都先後在九零年代大出風頭。當時的運動主播，還會把這些東歐球星的名字讀錯。大家還記得上次提過的原則嗎？語言的發音方式，應尊重當地人習慣；也就是說，人名之發音，應從該人自己之主張。說得簡單些，就是Kuko自己認為自己的姓該怎麼唸，別人就該怎麼唸。
不過近幾年來，這種讀錯人名的問題，已經大有改善。比方說，達拉斯小牛隊有位來自德國的大前鋒Dirk Nowitzki，台灣媒體翻作諾威斯基；按照德語的發音規則，w應該發作類似英語的v音，當前的美國NBA主播，大多能注意到這點，不再犯從前的錯誤。另一個從前常被讀錯的德文字是Volkswagen，德語中v應發作英語中的f，其實德文的Volk就是英文的Folk，意指大眾。現在老美也能注意到這點，而加以注意。
所以說，本專欄上一篇要大家打開耳朵，並不只限於英美語場合。如果讀者看NBA比賽時，能夠打開耳朵，仔細聆聽主播所唸的球員名字，就會發現，有好些東歐姓氏的中文譯名，讀起來其實與它們的真正發音，差了十萬八千里。比方說Nowitzki翻作諾威斯基，就不能正確傳達最重要的w音發音；從前的Kuko亦是如此，把他的姓翻成庫柯其，也不能正確地告訴大家，應該念ch音。
因此，打開耳朵的行動範圍，必須從開始就擴及包括姓氏在內的外來語。美國是個移民國家，特別是九零年代以來，有愈來愈多東歐、非洲、以及亞洲移民在各行各業嶄露頭角，他們的姓名也隨而登上媒體；我們在觀看聆聽時，也要特別注意這些外來語的讀法。否則，光憑本地報紙譯名認識NBA球星的讀者，一旦碰上同為球迷的老外，或直接接觸美國原音轉播的話，有可能完全無法了解對方講的是哪位選手。
上個禮拜媒體報導，台灣學生在2008年台灣區美國中學生數學分級能力測驗(AMC8)中獲得佳績，共有124位考生得到滿分。根據報導，滿分考生中有一位，今年還是國小六年級生，除了數學以外，英文也學得不錯，而且愛看體育頻道，美國職棒與NBA的球星名字，都背得滾瓜爛熟。可見打開耳朵，弄清楚外國運動明星姓名的重要性，已逐漸為愈來愈多人所知。讀者們也不妨試著從打開耳朵，觀賞原音播出的運動比賽開始，然後仔細查清楚自己喜愛的球星姓氏，究竟該怎麼讀。
(王麗莎老師為國內口譯界第一把交椅，同時也是知名的影評人。她每周在企業英語教室開闢【看影集學英文專欄】，集集精采，更多王麗莎教你怎麼在文化中，請上www.core-corner.com訂閱電子報。 )
PART 3: Window1001-Useful Business Phrasal verbs
Window 1001是華人世界第一次企圖利用遊戲的方法，以創新的九宮格學習遊戲，專業商業人士所量身訂做的英文網路學習計畫。每天只要花7到28分鐘，持續聽9個月能讓你的TOEIC成績從550分提高到7 85分，經世界公民文化中心2872位學員驗證過的實效。
以下這篇文章＜business phrasal verbs＞是為你的嘴巴而不是眼睛寫的。請你唸出聲音，唸過之後，要確定自己聽懂了沒，請上www .window1001做一次〝聽寫練習〞，看自己到底懂了多少。
Debra: Hi, there and thanks for logging onto Window 1001. On this show, Mike and I are going to talk about some usefu l phrasal verbs you can use to effectively talk about busin ess-related concepts. I think you'll find these expressions good for discussing a variety of situations.
Mike: Right, let's get started. The first one we'll intro duce is〝fall through.〞
If something falls through it simply means it fails. All sorts of things could fall through, but most often it is us ed for some kind of a deal or arrangement that was made. Yo u often hear,〝The deal fell through,〞or〝The plans fell t hrough.〞
Debra: Of course,〝fall through〞 also has a more literal meaning. You can literally fall through the floor if it is a very old and weak building, especially if there's a hole in the floor. But that's the thing about phrasal verbs -th ey aren't literal, they are figurative(比喻). If an express ion is literal, it has a direct meaning related to the prec ise definition of the words. That's why phrasal verbs areso difficult to understand sometimes - they are figurative, n ot literal.
Mike: Here's another figurative expression: hold up. Lite rally, if you hold up something, it means you put it in you r hands and raise your hands. But, we're not talking litera lly when it comes to phrasal verbs. As a phrasal verb, if s omething holds up, it means it remains strong. For example, you could say,〝Despite the problems in the economy, thesto ck market has held up.〞 That means the stock market has st ayed strong.
Debra: However, as you know, with all the problems in the U.S. economy, many stock markets around the world have noth eld up recently. In addition to talking about financial ide as, the phrase, hold up, can be used to describe other thin gs that remain strong or stable.
Mike: Right, you can say,〝His health is holding up,〞 or 〝Her confidence is holding up.〞 In these cases, you would probably use〝hold up〞 to indicate that despite pressure against his health or her confidence, he or she is ableto w ithstand the stress or difficulties.
Debra: Let's look at a few more examples of useful phrasa l verbs. If you fill in for someone, it means you do his or her job while they are not at work, or when he or she is do ing some other project and can't do the regular work. So,yo u might say,〝Ken is filling in for Sandy while she is on h olidays.〞
Mike: It's interesting to note that the word order is qui te important because there is another phrasal verb that isq uite similar: fill somebody in. That has an entirely differ ent meaning. When you fill somebody in, it means you inform them. Thus, you could say,〝After Sandy returned from her holidays, Ken filled her in on what happened at work.〞That simply means Ken told Sandy what happened at work while sh e was away.
Debra: Another expression is〝take on.〞If you take somet hing on, it means you agree to do it, as in,〝Ken took on S andy's job duties while she was on vacation.〞 OK, let's lo ok at these expressions more closely during our role-play.
Mike: Hey, I've heard your company had some financial pro blems. I hope everything is OK.
Debra: Yeah, thanks. We had a few problems in the past, b ut business is holding up these days. However, one of our p rojects fell through recently.
Mike: That's too bad.
Debra: How are things with you? Fill me in on what's new.
Mike: Well, I'm pretty busy at work. One of my coworkersi s off sick, so I'm filling in for her. Plus, I've taken ona few extra assignments as well.
Debra: Let's review our show about phrasal verbs. We look ed at several expressions, including "fall through," whichm eans to fail, as well as "hold up," which means to stay str ong.
Mike: Other phrasal verbs included "fill in for someone", which means to do their job while they are away, and "fills omebody in," which means to inform them. The other idiomwe discussed was "take on," meaning to agree to do something. That's our show for this time and thanks for listening--bye .
Debug:
這10句每一句話都有一個錯誤，請你挑出錯誤來，再對答案。
1.Reading detective stories are my favorite pastime.
2.Having not finished her housework, Mary could not go wi ndow-shopping with her friends.
3.Comparing with that in China, the standard of living in Taiwan is very high.
4.Finishing his homework, Bee went to the football pitchw ith her friends.
5.Charles loves Angel more than Simpson.
6.The driver, as well as four passengers, were injured in the head-on collision.
7.One of my students have sent me a birthday card.
8.Don is one of the most intelligent students that has ev er existed in our school.
9.Five hundred miles are a long distance.
10.Either you or he are the one who stole the watch.
debugged：
1.Reading detective stories is my favorite pastime.
2.Not having finished her housework, Mary could not go wi ndow-shopping with her friends.
3.Compared with that in China, the standard of living inT aiwan is very high.
4.After finishing her homework, Bee went to the footballp itch with her friends.
5.Charles loves Angel more than Simpson does.
6.The driver, as well as four passengers, was injured int he head-on collision.
7.One of my students has sent me a birthday card.
8.Don is one of the most intelligent students that have e ver existed in our school.
9.Five hundred miles is a long distance.
10.Either you or he is the one who stole the watch.
src: http://www.yi123.com.tw/forum_35120.html
[ 本帖最後由 姿霖 於 2009-12-30 04:50 編輯 ]
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