國色天香 ~「牡丹」[40P]
牡丹，雍榮華貴，美豔絕倫是花中之王，歷來被奉為庭園珍品，中國國花，並一直被中國人視為富貴、吉祥、幸福、繁榮的象徵。「天香夜染衣，國色朝酣酒。」牡丹的國色天香從古至今，一直被人們頌贊不己。
牡丹的栽培歷史早在魏晉南北朝時就已有記載，到了唐宋，牡丹的栽培技術己有很大的發展。在唐朝，牡丹更是豔壓群芳，被譽為“花王”。「春風得意馬蹄疾，一日看遍長安花。」這裏的“長安花”，就是牡丹。明朝遷都北京，在極樂寺內遍植牡丹。清朝時有一位親王到極樂寺觀賞牡丹，題匾曰：“國花寺”，可見遠在清朝，牡丹就己戴上國花的桂冠。
千百年來，她不但以其天姿國色為天下花圃爭輝，還在無數藝術佳品中留下了令人難忘的卓越丰采，她也是中國歷代詩人吟詠的物件，將它看作為美滿和理想的化身而熱情歌頌，留下了許多膾炙人口的詞篇。
§ 國色天香
唐文宗時，程修己因為擅長畫畫應詔進宮。當時恰好是春末時節，文宗和楊妃在內殿觀賞牡丹花。由於文宗相當喜愛詩，就問程修己說：「現在京城裡傳唱的牡丹詩誰的最好？」程修己回答是中書舍人李正封的〈牡丹〉詩：「天香夜染衣，國色朝酣酒。」兩句最好。李正封的詩中用「天香」形容牡丹花的香味就像天上傳來的，以「國色」比喻牡丹花色，如喝醉酒時雙頰飛紅的嬌豔情態。後人就以「國色天香」作為牡丹的別稱。
後來「國色天香」這句成語可能就從這裡演變而出，用來形容牡丹花濃郁的香味和嬌豔的姿態。後亦用以形容容貌美麗、姿態曼妙的女子。明˙鄭若庸˙玉玦記˙第六齣：他有個親生的女兒，叫做娟奴，見在南瓦子住，果是天香國色。亦作國色天香。
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