研究說:開燈睡覺傷身體 Shedding Some Light on an Important Aspect of Sleep
Shedding Some Light on an Important Aspect of Sleep
1/3 解析英語
作者 Brian Foden
閱讀時間 8分鐘
聽講解 聽朗讀
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MP3:
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研究說:開燈睡覺傷身體 Shedding Some Light on an Important Aspect of Sleep
臥室的強光會對心血管和新陳代謝的健康產生有害的影響
目錄 / More to Learn / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
科普園地
Alot of focus has been directed at the importance of getting around eight hours of sufficient sleep per night for the average person, though young children need more and the elderly generally require less. Another aspect—one that receives less attention from the public—is the quality of one’s sleep and the impact that it has on physical health. A recent study by researchers at the Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine at Northwestern University in the United States has cast some light on this issue.
The sleep experts at Northwestern University conducted experiments involving two groups of young adults, hooking them up to heart monitors to see how varying levels of light in a room at night affected their physiological states. The results suggested that the intensity of light present in one’s bedroom has detrimental implications for cardiovascular and metabolic health.
In the study, one group of subjects slept in a room that was lit only by dull light for two nights. The other 10 individuals slept one night under the same type of light and the second night in a room with a brighter light placed overhead. In addition to monitoring their hearts, researchers recorded the sleepers’ brainwaves and drew their blood. The group that had slept under a brighter light on the second night showed elevated heart rates during that time. Their bodies also showed increased insulin resistance, meaning they had trouble regulating their blood sugar levels.
The study suggests that the presence of light in a room while one is sleeping may have an adverse influence on health. Therefore, to ensure a good night’s sleep, you can start by creating a bedroom that guards against unwanted light at night.
1. What do the results of the research from Northwestern University indicate?
(A) Leaving a soft light on in a room can promote sleep.
(B) Sleeping in a completely dark room can affect one’s mental health.
(C) Illumination in a room at night can disturb blood sugar regulation.
(D) Exposure to artificial light at night can cause people to have nightmares.
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “detrimental” in the second paragraph?
(A) False. (B) Harmful.(C) Contagious. (D) Psychological.
3. According to the passage, who is most likely a participant in the experiment mentioned in the passage?
David
The researchers asked me to write down what I felt after I slept with a light on.
Pauline
The doctors got me to sleep with a bedside table lamp on and kept track of my brainwaves.
Kevin
The scientists measured my weight before I slept in their lab. While I was sleeping, they monitored my heart rate.
Fannie
The experts had me sleep under a dim light on the first night. On the second night, however, I stayed in a much brighter room.
(A) David. (B) Pauline. (C) Kevin. (D) Fannie.
答案: 1.C 2.B 3.D
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
aspect [ˋæspɛkt]
n. 方面
●
implication [͵ɪmplɪˋkeʃən]
n. 暗示
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impact [ɪmˋpækt]
n. 影響，衝擊（常與介詞 on 並用）
vt. 對……產生影響
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intensity [ɪnˋtɛnsətɪ]
n. 強度；熱切
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resistance [rɪˋzɪstəns]
n. 抗拒；（身體的）抵抗力
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regulate [ˋrɛgjə͵let]
.vt. 規範；調節，調整
●
hook [hʊk]
n. 鉤子
vt. 鉤住；用鉤（釣魚）；（手臂等）繞住
●
monitor [ˋmɑnətɚ]
.vt. & vi. 監視
n. 監視器；螢幕
●
overhead [ˋovɚˋhɛd]
adv. 在高空中
a. 頭頂上的
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adverse [ædˋvɝs]
a. 不利的，負面的
●
sufficient [səˋfɪʃənt]
a. 足夠的，充分的
●
conduct [ˋkɑndʌkt]
n. 行為（不可數）
●
detrimental [dɛtrəˋmɛnt!]
a. 有害的
●
insulin [ˋɪnsəlɪn]
n. 胰島素
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elevated [ˋɛlə͵vetɪd]
提高的，抬高的
●
brainwave [ˋbrenwev]
n. 腦波
●
illumination [ɪ͵ljuməˋneʃən]
n. 照明，光亮
●
metabolic [͵mɛtəˋbɑlɪk]
a. 新陳代謝的
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cardiovascular cardiovascular
a. 心血管的
●
physiological [͵fɪzɪəˋlɑdʒɪk!]
a. 生理（學）的
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circadian [sɚˋkedɪən]
a. 晝夜節律的，生理時鐘的（僅置於名詞前）
Practical Phrases
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guard against... 防止……
Guard against pickpockets when you are shopping
in the mall.
在商場購物時，要謹防扒手。
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keep track of... 隨時掌握……，持續追蹤……
It’s hard to keep track of all my old friends; in fact, I’ve lost contact with most of them.
和所有的老友保持聯繫很困難，事實上，我已經和他們大部分的人失聯了。
●
be directed at （注意力、情緒等）指向⋯⋯
Criticism has been directed at the president, who didn’t respond to the crisis immediately.
批評指向總統，他沒立即對那場危機做出應對。
●
hook sb up to 在某人身上接上⋯⋯（儀器等）
Doctors hooked the severely injured patient up to a life-support machine.
醫生將生命維持設備接在那名重傷患者身上。
The unconscious woman was hooked up to a respirator.
那名昏迷的女子被接上呼吸器。
More to Learn
shed / cast / throw light on...
使人們對⋯⋯有所了解，闡明/解釋⋯⋯
• Researchers developed a theory to shed light on the psychological phenomenon.
研究人員發展出一套理論以解釋那個心理現象。
以下介紹其他與 light 搭配的片語:
a. bring... to light 使⋯⋯公開
• A former employee brought the firm’s scandal to light by reporting it to the police.
一名離職員工報警使該公司的醜聞曝光。
b. come to light 被揭露出來，真相大白
• People were furious when it came to light that kids were mistreated at the school.
那些孩童在學校被虐待一事被揭露出來後，民眾很生氣。
c. in (the) light of... 有鑑於/考慮到⋯⋯
• The government has urged people to use forms of transportation other than trains in light of the strike.
有鑑於那場罷工，政府呼籲大眾使用火車以外的交通工具。
d. in a new / different / bad /... light 以嶄新/不同/不好/⋯⋯的方式/眼光/角度
• If you see things in a different light, you may draw a different conclusion.
若從不同角度看待事物，你可能會得到不同的結論。
中文翻譯(& 答案)
許多關注都導向一般人每晚要獲取約八小時 充足睡眠的重要性，儘管幼童需要的睡眠更多， 長輩則通常需要較少睡眠。另一個面向 ── 大 眾不太注重的方面 ── 是睡眠品質及其對身體 健康的影響。美國西北大學晝夜節律暨睡眠醫學 中心的研究人員最近的一項研究讓人們對這個議 題有所了解。
西北大學的睡眠專家進行了有兩組年輕人參 與的實驗，專家將心臟監測儀接到他們身上，以 了解夜間房內不同亮度的光線如何影響他們的生 理狀態。結果顯示臥室的強光會對心血管和新陳 代謝的健康產生有害的影響。
在這項研究中，一組受試者在一間只有昏暗 光線的房裡睡了兩晚。其餘十人在同樣的燈光下 睡了一晚，第二晚則在一間頭頂上方擺設著較亮 燈具的房裡睡覺。除了監測他們的心臟外，研究 人員還記錄了睡眠者的腦波和抽血。第二晚在較 亮燈光下睡覺的那組人在那段期間心率偏高。他 們的身體也顯現了胰島素阻抗增加的現象，這意 味著他們難以調節血糖。
該項研究顯示睡覺時，房裡有光線可能會 對健康產生負面影響。因此，為了確保一夜好 眠，你可以從打造一間防堵夜間非必要光線的 臥室開始。
1. 西北大學的研究結果說明了什麼?
(A) 在房裡留一盞柔和光線可以促進睡眠。
(B) 在全黑的房裡睡覺會影響一個人的心理健康。
(C) 夜間房內的照會擾亂血糖的調節。
(D) 夜晚暴露於人造光會導致人們做惡夢。
2. 以下哪一項與第二段 “detrimental” 的含義最接近?
(A) 錯誤的。
(B) 有害的。
(C) 傳染性的。
(D) 心理上的。
3. 根據本文，誰最有可能是文中提及實驗的參與者?
大衛
研究人員要我寫下開著燈睡覺有什麼感受。
寶琳
醫師讓我睡在一盞開著的床邊桌燈旁，並記錄我的腦 波。
凱文
科學家先測量我的體重，接著我睡在他們的實驗室裡。 我在睡覺時，他們監測我的心率。
芬妮
專家要我頭一晚睡在昏暗的燈光下。而第二晚我待在一 個更為明亮的房裡。
(A) 大衛。
(B) 寶琳。
(C) 凱文。
(D) 芬妮。
題解: 本文第三段提及一組受試者兩晚都睡在光線昏暗的房裡，另一組受試者則在同樣的燈光下睡了一晚，第二晚則在一 間頭頂上方擺設著較亮燈具的房裡睡覺，後者符合芬妮的 敘述，故選 (D)。
