閃光燈記憶: 腦海裡的照相機 Flashbulb Memories
Flashbulb Memories
#篇章結構 #心理
4/24 解析英語
作者 Angus Bain
閱讀時間 6分鐘
聽講解 聽朗讀
本圖文出處:
https://www.ivy.com.tw/newsLetter/analysis_cont/2022121910412984518
MP3:
閃光燈記憶: 腦海裡的照相機 Flashbulb Memories
閃光燈記憶就像是我們用腦袋而非照相機替重要時刻照下的「快照」，通常都是在我們觀看某件事時發生的。
目錄 / Tips & Analysis / More to Learn / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
篇章結構 | 無挖空完整文章(請點我)
It is very common for people to have very vivid memories of certain events. These events may be things that happened to them personally, such as a graduation ceremony or the birth of a child. Or they may be things that they see or hear about in the news. __1__ Psychologists refer to them as flashbulb memories.
As the name suggests, flashbulb memories are like “snapshots” of important moments that we take with our brains rather than a camera. They typically happen when we are watching something, either at the scene or on television. __2__ Many people claim that they remember exactly where they were, what they were doing, and whom they were with when they heard the tragic news.
According to psychologists, there are several factors that affect these types of memories. Among the most significant are the emotions a person may be feeling at the time, especially if it’s shocking. __3__ Receiving a very special and unexpected birthday gift, for instance, would have special significance for an individual but would be meaningless to others. Winning the FIFA World Cup, on the other hand, would be remembered vividly not just by the players involved but also by the millions of fans who cheered them on.
However, studies have shown that flashbulb memories are often not as clear as people think. As time passes, people’s version of events can change. __4__ So, keep in mind that those clear memories that you have of an event may not be entirely accurate.
(A) Take the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States for example.
(B) There is also the personal connection that a person may feel toward an event.
(C) Whatever the case may be, these memories stick out in our minds very clearly.
(D) This may result from a number of influences, such as their other life experiences or being exposed to media coverage of an event.
答案: 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D
↓ 完整文章版本（無挖空）
It is very common for people to have very vivid memories of certain events. These events may be things that happened to them personally, such as a graduation ceremony or the birth of a child. Or they may be things that they see or hear about in the news. Whatever the case may be, these memories stick out in our minds very clearly. Psychologists refer to them as flashbulb memories.
As the name suggests, flashbulb memories are like “snapshots” of important moments that we take with our brains rather than a camera. They typically happen when we are watching something, either at the scene or on television. Take the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States for example. Many people claim that they remember exactly where they were, what they were doing, and whom they were with when they heard the tragic news.
According to psychologists, there are several factors that affect these types of memories. Among the most significant are the emotions a person may be feeling at the time, especially if it’s shocking. There is also the personal connection that a person may feel toward an event. Receiving a very special and unexpected birthday gift, for instance, would have special significance for an individual but would be meaningless to others. Winning the FIFA World Cup, on the other hand, would be remembered vividly not just by the players involved but also by the millions of fans who cheered them on.
However, studies have shown that flashbulb memories are often not as clear as people think. As time passes, people’s version of events can change. This may result from a number of influences, such as their other life experiences or being exposed to media coverage of an event. So, keep in mind that those clear memories that you have of an event may not be entirely accurate.
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
factor [ˋfæktɚ]
n. 因素
●
individual [͵ɪndəˋvɪdʒʊəl]
adj. 個別的，個人的
n. 個人，個體
●
emotion [ɪˋmoʃən]
n. 情感，感性（不可數）；情緒（喜、怒、哀、樂等）（可數）
●
affect [əˋfɛkt]
vt. 影響；（疾病）侵襲；感動，震撼；假裝
●
tragic [ˋtrædʒɪk]
a. 悲劇的；令人悲痛的
●
psychologist [saɪˋkɑlədʒɪst]
n. 心理學家
●
significance [sɪgˋnɪfəkəns]
n. 意義；重要性
●
significant [sɪgˋnɪfəkənt]
a. 重要的；顯著的
●
vivid [ˋvɪvɪd]
a. 生動的
●
meaningless [ˋminɪŋlɪs]
a. 無意義的；不重要的
●
vividly [ˋvɪvɪdlɪ]
adv. 鮮明地，生動地
●
flashbulb [ˋflæʃ͵bʌlb]
n. 閃光燈泡
●
snapshot [ˋsnæp͵ʃɑt]
n. 快照，照片
Practical Phrases
●
refer to A as B 把 A 稱作 B
Do not refer to Mandy as your girlfriend. She’s your ex-girlfriend now.
別稱曼蒂為女友。她現在是你的前女友。
●
on the other hand 另一方面
●
As the name suggests, 顧名思義，⋯⋯
As the name suggests, the Statue of Liberty symbolizes universal freedom.
顧名思義，自由女神像象徵普世的自由。
Tips & Analysis
1. 第一題空格應選 (C)
理由
a. 本空格在測試對段落語意連貫性的掌握，空格前提 到有些記憶對我們而言是相當鮮明的，空格後一句 說明這些記憶被稱為閃光燈記憶，可推測空格應與 這類記憶有什麼特色相關。
b. 選項 (C) 表示，無論是哪一種情況，這些記憶在我 們腦海中都相當顯著，語意連貫且符合推測，且選 項中的 Whatever the case may be(無論是哪一 種情況)指的即是前兩句的個人相關的記憶或是在 新聞上看到的，故答案應選 (C)。
2. 第二題空格應選 (A)
理由
a. 本空格在測試對段落發展的掌握，空格後提到某個 悲慘新聞，可推測空格應提及此悲慘事件。
b. 選項 (A) 表示，以美國 911 恐怖攻擊為例，符合 推測，且空格後一句的 the tragic news(悲慘新 聞)指的即是本句的美國 911 恐怖攻擊，故答案 應選 (A)。
3. 第三題空格應選 (B)
理由
a. 本空格在測試對段落語意發展的掌握，本段旨在說 明有許多因素影響閃光燈記憶，而空格後舉例，說 明收到特別的生日禮物對一個人來說很有意義，對 另一人卻是毫無意義的，可推測空格應提及某個影 響閃光燈記憶的因素，且應與空格後一句的例子相 關。
b. 選項 (B) 表示，對於一起事件人們可能會感受到的 個人連結也是原因，語意連貫，且空格後一句提到 的收到生日禮物對那個人的意義，即在說明選項中 的個人連結，故答案應選 (B)。
4. 第四題空格應選 (D)
理由
a. 本空格在測試對段落語意連貫的掌握，空格前提到 閃光燈記憶可能不如人們認為的那麼清楚，且隨著 時間流逝，人們對於事件的版本可能會改變，可知 空格應提及原因或例子。
b. 選項 (D) 表示，這可能起因於數種影響，像是他 們其他的人生經驗，或接觸到媒體對某個事件的報 導，語意連貫且符合推測，且選項中的This 即是 前一句提到的人們對於事件的版本可能會改變，故 答案應選 (D)。
More to Learn
memory [ ˋmɛmərɪ ] n. 記憶，回憶
• Sophia and her friends have made a lot of good memories during their class trip.
蘇菲亞和她的朋友們在班遊期間創造了許多美好的回憶。
字首 mem- 表「紀念;記憶」，常見單字介紹如下:
a. memorize [ ˋmɛmə͵raɪz ] vt. 記住;背熟
• Experts discovered that the human brain can memorize images faster than text.
專家發現人類的大腦記圖像比記文字快速。
b. memorable [ ˋmɛmərəb! ] a. 難忘的;值得懷念的
• The couple spent a memorable vacation in Switzerland.
這對夫婦在瑞士度過了一個難忘的假期。
c. memorial [ məˋmorɪəl ] a. 紀念的，追悼的 & n. 紀念碑;紀念館
• The memorial park is dedicated to those who died in a historical event.
這座紀念公園是獻給那些在歷史事件中失去性命的 人。
• The Lincoln Memorial honors the 16th president of the US, and symbolizes his belief in the freedom of all people.
林肯紀念堂紀念美國第十六任總統，也象徵他認為 全人類皆有自由的信念。
d. memoir [ ˋmɛmwɑr ] n. 實錄(可用單數);回憶錄(恆用複數)
• That famous artist’s memoirs caused a sensation.
那位知名藝術家的回憶錄造成了轟動。
e. memo [ ˋmɛmo ] n. 備忘錄
(memorandum [ ͵mɛməˋrændəm ] 的縮寫)
• Jason wrote a memo to inform the staff of the company’s internal changes.
傑森寫了備忘錄來通知員工公司內部的改變。
f. memorabilia [ ˋmɛmərəˋbɪlɪə ] n.(著名人物或事 件的)紀念品，收藏品(視為複數)
• Even today, many people are interested in collecting Beatles memorabilia.
時至今日，很多人仍對收集披頭四的紀念品有興趣。
中文翻譯(& 答案)
人們對於某些事件擁有非常鮮明的記憶是很常見的。這 些事件可能發生在個人身上，像是畢業典禮或孩子出生。或 者可能是在新聞上見到或聽到的事。無論是哪一種情況，這 些記憶在我們腦海中都相當顯著。心理學家稱之為閃光燈記 憶。
顧名思義，閃光燈記憶就像是我們用腦袋而非照相機替 重要時刻照下的「快照」。通常都是在我們觀看某件事時發 生的，不論是現場或是在電視上看到。以美國 911 恐怖攻擊 為例。許多人聲稱他們確切記得在聽聞這個悲慘新聞時，他 們人在哪、在做什麼事以及跟誰在一起。
根據心理學家的看法，有一些因素影響這種記憶。其 中最重要的是人們在當時可能感受到的情緒，特別是如果該 情緒是很震撼的話。對於一起事件人們可能會感受到的個人 連結也是原因。舉例來說，收到一個很特別且意外的生日禮 物，對某個人來說會有特殊意義，但對其他人而言就沒有意義。另一方面，贏得足球世界盃不只有相關球員會栩栩如生 地記得，對數百萬名為他們歡呼的球迷亦是如此。
然而，研究顯示閃光燈記憶通常不像人們所認為的那麼 清楚。隨著時間流逝，人們對於事件的版本可能會改變。這 可能起因於數種影響，像是他們其他的人生經驗，或接觸到 媒體對某個事件的報導。因此要記得，你對於某個事件清楚 的記憶可能不完全是正確的。
